PMC

(a) Fossa volume versus fossa depth. (b) Fossa volume versus fossa length. (c) Fossa volume versus fossa width.

Lateral view of glenoid fossa outlining the vertical (AB) and two horizontal diameters (EF & CD) (Adapted from ). Key: A- anterior; A1- supraglenoid tubercle of glenoid fossa; AB- vertical diameter of glenoid fossa; B- inferior rim of glenoid fossa; C- anterior articular margin; CD- horizontal diameter 2 of glenoid fossa; D- posterior articular margin; E- anterior rim of upper half of glenoid fossa; EF- horizontal diameter 1 of glenoid fossa; F- posterior rim of upper half of glenoid fossa; I- inferior; P- posterior; S- superior.

Anterior (top), left lateral (middle), and posterior (bottom) views of mid-cervical (ca. cv 6), anterior dorsal (ca. dv 1), posterior dorsal (ca. dv 10), and anterior caudal (ca. ca 1) vertebrae. Specimens come from several individuals referred to Tazoudasaurus and are scaled relative to one another. Mid-cervical vertebra CSPGM To1-354 is reversed from the original right lateral view. Important changes include reduction of the size of the cdf along the vertebral column. Diapophyseal fossae are in blue, prezygapophyseal fossae are in green, postzygapophyseal fossae are in yellow, and parapophyseal fossae are in orange. Images are modified from :figs. 9, 11, 14–16). Abbreviations, ca, caudal vertebra; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpol-f, centropostzygapophyseal lamina fossa; cpaf, centroparapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostzygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; cprl-f, centroprezygapophyseal lamina fossa; cv, cervical vertebra; dv, dorsal vertebra; pa, parapophysis; pacdf, parapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pacprf, parapophyseal centroprezygapophyseal fossa; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; posdf, postzygapophyseal spinodiapophyseal fossa; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; prcpaf, prezygapophyseal centroparapophyseal fossa; prpadf, prezygapophyseal paradiapophyseal fossa; prsdf, prezygapophyseal spinodiapophyseal fossa; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spdl, spindodiapophyseal lamina; spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; spol-f, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina fossa.

(a) Visceral surface of liver demonstrating a gallbladder located in its fossa between the right and quadrate lobes of the liver. (b) Same liver as is (a) with the gallbladder removed, demonstrating the gallbladder fossa. (c) Same liver with foam material added to the fossa and allowed to expand. (d) Same liver after foam material trimmed to lie flush with the visceral surface of the liver. (e) Two views of the mold in (d) after removal from the fossa.